The transfer of oxygen to the cell during fermenter aeration involves oxygen transfer from air bubbles into solution,transfer of oxygen through the medium to the microbial cell and finally uptake of oxygen by the cell. Oxygen transfer from air bubbles int...[继续阅读]

    The ion-exchange chromatography is a more predictable extraction and concentration method than absorption chromatography,provided the required product is capable of reacting with an appropriate ion-exchange resin,Many types of anionic and cationic resins ...[继续阅读]

    Gel filtration and affinity chromatography are useful laboratory methods which have not so far been applied to large scale production.However,there are many examples of low-volumn high-value products which justify the use of these expensive and labourinte...[继续阅读]

    The products of fermentation processes include gases,extracellular soluble molecules secreted into the fermentation broth and solid including cells containing intracellular soluble or insoluble molecules. Gases such as carbon dioxide and methane,produced ...[继续阅读]

    Wastes occur in all three states,i. e. solids,liquids and gases,They are derived from three primary sources:urban,agriculture,and industry. By weight and volume solid wastes,i. e. urban refuse,crops and food processing wastes,and manures,are the most sign...[继续阅读]

    Vinegar,the aqueous solution of acetic acid,is produced in fermentation by oxidation of a dilute ethanol solution. The metabolic process involves conversion by alcohol dehydrogenase of ethanol to acetaldehyde and conversion by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase o...[继续阅读]

    The metabolic process leading to citrate accumulation involves (a) breakdown of hexoses to pyruvate and acetyl CoA,(b) the anaplerotic formation of oxaloacetate from pyruvate and CO2,and (c) the accumulation of citrate within the tricarboxylic acid cycle....[继续阅读]

    In various traditional oriental foods (for example koji,miso) the nutrientional value of foodstuff is improved by microbial,usually fungal growth. Wheat or rice bran is a common starting material,and is rendered more digestible,more nutritious and more fl...[继续阅读]

    Horticultural (与园艺有有的,园艺学的) practice has long made use of vegetative cloning of plant parts (shoots,leaves,etc. ) for selective and rapid propagation of many plant species. Subsequently,plant tissues such as root tips,cambium (形成层) or plant tumours were f...[继续阅读]

    Before 1957,L-glutamic acid was produced by the acid hydrolysis of wheat gluten or soybean protein. In 1957,L-glutamic acid-producing microorganisms were isolated and subsequent researches resulted in an economical fermentative process for the production ...[继续阅读]