是最常见的脑部退变性 病之一,以大脑皮质弥漫性萎缩为特 征。其病因不明,临床特征为进行性痴呆, 表现为不断加重的记忆力减退、智力降低及 言语紊乱。约25%的病人表现为抑郁,部分 病人在后期出现肌阵挛与抽搐。在晚期,可 有全...[继续阅读]

    one of the most common degenerative diseases of the brain,is characterized by atrophy of the cerebral cortex that is usually diffuse. The cause of Alzheimer disease is unknown. Clinical manifestations are a progressive dementia with increasing loss of mem...[继续阅读]

    是一小环形水平状硬膜皱襞,附 着于前、后床突之间,构成垂体窝的 顶。其中央部有一小孔,供垂体柄通过。其周 围有海绵间窦围绕。...[继续阅读]

    is a small,circular, horizontal fold of dura mater that attaches to the clinoid processes and form a roof for the sella turcica which contains the hy pophysis. A circular opening in its central part transmits the infundibulum of thehypothalamus,which is s...[继续阅读]

    检查时病人宜取卧位, 髋、膝关节伸直,足跟放在床上;如取坐位,髋关节屈曲,膝关节轻度伸直,病 人的足放在检查者手中或检查者膝上。检查 者用一根火柴棒或牙签、木棒、棉签等自患者足跟向前轻划皮肤至跖球处转向内侧,直至跖趾...[继续阅读]

    is elicited by stimulating the plantar surface of foot with a bluntpoint,preferably a match stick,a toothpick,a wooden applicator,or a wisp of cotton. The stimulus is directed from the heel toward the ball of the foot and toes and is stopped at the metata...[继续阅读]

    由内脏传入神经纤维和自中 枢神经系统直达交感神经系统的节前 神经纤维组成。这些由脊髓灰质侧柱内细胞 的轴突组成的有髓神经纤维因颜色灰白而得 名。白交通支经前根离开脊髓,后者与后根一 起构成脊神经,这些纤维进入交感...[继续阅读]

     consist of visceral afferent nerve fibers and pregan glionic fibers directed from the central to the sympathetic nervous system. Thesemyelinated fibers,giving them a morewhitish color than the gray rami,are formed by the axons of the cells in the lateral...[继续阅读]

    位于丘脑内髓板内,由深染的 梭形细胞组成。它包括中央中核、中央旁核、束旁核、中央内侧核和中央外侧 核。其传入纤维来自网状结构、脊髓丘脑束及中脑中央灰质等处,传出纤维主要终止于 纹状体。...[继续阅读]

    are situated in the internal medullary lamina and consist of deeply stained fusiform neurons. These nuclei include the central median nucleus,the paracentral nucleus,the parafascicularnucleus,the central lateral nucleus,and the central medial nucleus. Aff...[继续阅读]