首先,现有的三层项目的结构
其中 Repository
public interface IPersonRepository
{
string Eat();
}
public class PersonRepository : IPersonRepository
{
public string Eat()
{
return "吃饭";
}
}
Service
public interface IPersonService
{
string Eat();
}
public class PersonService : IPersonService
{
private IPersonRepository _personRespository;
//通过构造函数注入 repository
public PersonService(IPersonRepository personRespository)
{
_personRespository = personRespository;
}
public string Eat()
{
return _personRespository.Eat();
}
}
一、安装Autofac
nuget上安装Autofac
二、替换内置的DI框架
将Startup.cs中的ConfigureServices
返回类型改为IServiceProvider,然后新起一个方法RegisterAutofac把创建容器的代码放到其中,然后建一个
AutofacModuleRegister类继承Autofac的Module,然后重写Module的Load方法 来存放新组件的注入代码,避免Startup.cs文件代码过多混乱。
public IServiceProvider ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.Configure<CookiePolicyOptions>(options =>
{
// This lambda determines whether user consent for non-essential cookies is needed for a given request.
options.CheckConsentNeeded = context => true;
options.MinimumSameSitePolicy = SameSiteMode.None;
});
services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_1);
return RegisterAutofac(services);//注册Autofac
}
private IServiceProvider RegisterAutofac(IServiceCollection services)
{
//实例化Autofac容器
var builder = new ContainerBuilder();
//将Services中的服务填充到Autofac中
builder.Populate(services);
//新模块组件注册
builder.RegisterModule<AutofacModuleRegister>();
//创建容器
var Container = builder.Build();
//第三方IOC接管 core内置DI容器
return new AutofacServiceProvider(Container);
}
public class AutofacModuleRegister:Autofac.Module
{
//重写Autofac管道Load方法,在这里注册注入
protected override void Load(ContainerBuilder builder)
{
//注册Service中的对象,Service中的类要以Service结尾,否则注册失败
builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(GetAssemblyByName("WXL.Service")).Where(a => a.Name.EndsWith("Service")).AsImplementedInterfaces();
//注册Repository中的对象,Repository中的类要以Repository结尾,否则注册失败
builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(GetAssemblyByName("WXL.Repository")).Where(a => a.Name.EndsWith("Repository")).AsImplementedInterfaces();
}
/// <summary>
/// 根据程序集名称获取程序集
/// </summary>
/// <param name="AssemblyName">程序集名称</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static Assembly GetAssemblyByName(String AssemblyName)
{
return Assembly.Load(AssemblyName);
}
}
此时Autofac基本使用已经配好了。
三、测试效果
修改HomeController 实现注入Service
public class HomeController : Controller
{
private IPersonService _personService;
//通过构造函数注入Service
public HomeController(IPersonService personService)
{
_personService = personService;
}
public IActionResult Index()
{
ViewBag.eat = _personService.Eat();
return View();
}
}
页面结果:
四、一个接口多个实现的情况
比喻我现在在Service 中建三个类,IPayService, WxPayService,AliPayService,其中WxPayService,AliPayService都实现接口IPayService。
public interface IPayService
{
string Pay();
}
public class AliPayService : IPayService
{
public string Pay()
{
return "支付宝支付";
}
}
public class WxPayService : IPayService
{
public string Pay()
{
return "微信支付";
}
}
先试一下结果,修改HomeController
public class HomeController : Controller
{
private IPersonService _personService;
private IPayService _payService;
//通过构造函数注入Service
public HomeController(IPersonService personService,IPayService payService)
{
_personService = personService;
_payService = payService;
}
public IActionResult Index()
{
ViewBag.eat = _personService.Eat();
ViewBag.pay = _payService.Pay();
return View();
}
}
View
@{
ViewData["Title"] = "Home Page";
}
@ViewBag.eat <br />
@ViewBag.pay
输出页面:
最后得到的是微信支付,因为两个对象实现一个接口的时候,注册时后面注册的会覆盖前面注册的。如果我想得到支付宝支付要怎么做呢?
我们可以用另外一种注册方式RegisterType,修改注册方式AutofacModuleRegister.cs。
public class AutofacModuleRegister:Autofac.Module
{
//重写Autofac管道Load方法,在这里注册注入
protected override void Load(ContainerBuilder builder)
{
//注册Service中的对象,Service中的类要以Service结尾,否则注册失败
builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(GetAssemblyByName("WXL.Service")).Where(a => a.Name.EndsWith("Service")).AsImplementedInterfaces();
//注册Repository中的对象,Repository中的类要以Repository结尾,否则注册失败
builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(GetAssemblyByName("WXL.Repository")).Where(a => a.Name.EndsWith("Repository")).AsImplementedInterfaces();
//单独注册
builder.RegisterType<WxPayService>().Named<IPayService>(typeof(WxPayService).Name);
builder.RegisterType<AliPayService>().Named<IPayService>(typeof(AliPayService).Name);
}
/// <summary>
/// 根据程序集名称获取程序集
/// </summary>
/// <param name="AssemblyName">程序集名称</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static Assembly GetAssemblyByName(String AssemblyName)
{
return Assembly.Load(AssemblyName);
}
}
用Named区分两个组件的不同,后面的typeof(WxPayService).Name 是任意字符串,这里直接用这个类名作标识,方便取出来时也是用这个名字,不易忘记。
然后就是取出对应的组件了,取的时候用Autofac的 上下文(IComponentContext) ,修改HomeController
public class HomeController : Controller
{
private IPersonService _personService;
private IPayService _wxPayService;
private IPayService _aliPayService;
private IComponentContext _componentContext;//Autofac上下文
//通过构造函数注入Service
public HomeController(IPersonService personService, IComponentContext componentContext)
{
_personService = personService;
_componentContext = componentContext;
//解释组件
_wxPayService = _componentContext.ResolveNamed<IPayService>(typeof(WxPayService).Name);
_aliPayService =_componentContext.ResolveNamed<IPayService>(typeof(AliPayService).Name);
}
public IActionResult Index()
{
ViewBag.eat = _personService.Eat();
ViewBag.wxPay = _wxPayService.Pay();
ViewBag.aliPay = _aliPayService.Pay();
return View();
}
}
Index View:
@{
ViewData["Title"] = "Home Page";
}
@ViewBag.eat <br />
@ViewBag.wxPay <br />
@ViewBag.aliPay
结果:
完成。
本文摘自 :https://blog.51cto.com/u