在平时运维工作中,经常需要用到LNMP应用框架。LNMP环境是指在Linux系统下,由Nginx + MySQL + PHP组成的网站服务器架构。
可参考前面的文章:
(1) CentOS7.5
(系统最小化安装)
# 更改主机名 [root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname --static lnmp-01 && exec bash # 关闭SELinux [root@lnmp-01 ~]# sed -i '7s/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config [root@lnmp-01 ~]# setenforce 0 [root@lnmp-01 ~]# getenforce Permissive # 关闭firewalld [root@lnmp-01 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld # 查看内核版本 [root@lnmp-01 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core) [root@lnmp-01 ~]# uname -r 3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64 # 安装基础软件 [root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum install -y vim wget lsof net-tools tree curl lrzsz
(2) Nginx-1.18.0
【官方下载站点:源码包,rpm包,版本号A.B.C,B是偶数为稳定版;奇数则为开发版】【官方站点:configure命令参数】
# 查看是否已安装,有则卸载 [root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum list installed | egrep nginx [root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum remove -y nginx.x86_64 nginx-xxx # 创建nginx用户和目录 [root@lnmp-01 ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx [root@lnmp-01 ~]# mkdir -p /data/apps/nginx # 安装nginx 编译所需依赖 [root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make zlib-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel [root@lnmp-01 ~]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz [root@lnmp-01 ~]# tar -xf nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz [root@lnmp-01 ~]# ls nginx-1.18.0 nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz [root@lnmp-01 ~]# cd nginx-1.18.0 # 选择相应的编译参数【官方站点:configure命令参数】 [root@lnmp-01 nginx-1.18.0]# ./configure --help [root@lnmp-01 nginx-1.18.0]# ./configure --prefix=/data/apps/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module 编译参数解析 --prefix= 安装目录路径 --user= 用户 --group= 组 --with-http_ssl_module 支持HTTPS协议 --with-http_flv_module 支持Flash视频 --with-http_stub_status_module 提供访问的状态信息 --with-http_gzip_static_module 支持gzip压缩文件 [root@lnmp-01 nginx-1.18.0]# make -j 4 && make install #make -j 4 表示开4核同时进行编译: cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "processor"| wc -l # 将nginx命令添加环境变量 [root@lnmp-01 ~]# echo "export PATH=/data/apps/nginx/sbin:$PATH" >> /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh [root@lnmp-01 ~]# source /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh # nginx命令语法及参数 [root@lnmp-01 ~]# nginx -h nginx version: nginx/1.18.0 Usage: nginx [-?hvVtTq] [-s signal] [-c filename] [-p prefix] [-g directives] Options: -?,-h : this help -v : show version and exit -V : show version and configure options then exit -t : test configuration and exit -T : test configuration, dump it and exit -q : suppress non-error messages during configuration testing -s signal : send signal to a master process: stop, quit, reopen, reload -p prefix : set prefix path (default: /data/apps/nginx/) -c filename : set configuration file (default: conf/nginx.conf) -g directives : set global directives out of configuration file # 测试启动nginx [root@lnmp-01 ~]# nginx [root@lnmp-01 ~]# netstat -ntupl | grep nginx tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1098/nginx: master # 访问nginx测试页面 [root@lnmp-01 ~]# curl 127.0.0.1 <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> <style> body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1> # 安装正常会显示如下内容 <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.</p> <p>For online documentation and support please refer to <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/> Commercial support is available at <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p> <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p> </body> </html> [root@lnmp-01 ~]# nginx -s stop # 添加systemd管理 [root@lnmp-01 ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service # 添加以下内容 [Unit] Description=The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server After=network-online.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target Wants=network-online.target [Service] Type=forking PIDFile=/data/apps/nginx/logs/nginx.pid # 自定义项 # Nginx will fail to start if /run/nginx.pid already exists but has the wrong # SELinux context. This might happen when running `nginx -t` from the cmdline. # https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1268621 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /data/apps/nginx/logs/nginx.pid # 自定义项 ExecStartPre=/data/apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -t -c /data/apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf # 自定义项 ExecStart=/data/apps/nginx/sbin/nginx # 自定义项 ExecReload=/data/apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload # 自定义项 KillSignal=SIGQUIT TimeoutStopSec=5 KillMode=process PrivateTmp=true [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target # 启动nginx [root@lnmp-01 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload [root@lnmp-01 ~]# systemctl start|stop|restart|reload nginx [root@lnmp-01 ~]# netstat -nutpl | grep nginx tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 9714/nginx: master [root@lnmp-01 ~]# ps -ef |grep nginx root 9714 1 0 11:46 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /data/apps/nginx/sbin/nginx nginx 9715 9714 0 11:46 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process # 设置开机自启动 [root@lnmp-01 ~]# systemctl enable nginx [root@lnmp-01 ~]# systemctl list-unit-files | grep nginx nginx.service enabled
(3) MySQL-5.7.30
【官方下载站点:源码/rpm包】【下载站点:boost_1_59_0】【官方站点:cmake选项参数】
# 查看是否已安装mariadb或mysql,有则卸载 [root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum list installed | egrep 'mariadb|mysql' mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7 @anaconda [root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum remove -y mariadb-libs.x86_64 # 安装mysql编译所需依赖 [root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum install -y cmake make gcc gcc-c++ bison ncurses ncurses-devel # 若需下载其他版本,修改最后段版本号(30改为34)即可;推荐到官方站点下载 [root@lnmp-01 ~]# wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.30.tar.gz # 地址1 [root@lnmp-01 ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.30.tar.gz # 地址2 [root@lnmp-01 ~]# wget https://sourceforge.net/projects/boost/files/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz ---------------------------------# 或下载带boost的包 ---------------------------------------------------- [root@lnmp-01 ~]# wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-boost-5.7.30.tar.gz # 地址1 [root@lnmp-01 ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-boost-5.7.30.tar.gz # 地址2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [root@lnmp-01 ~]# tar -xf mysql-5.7.30.tar.gz [root@lnmp-01 ~]# tar -xf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz [root@lnmp-01 ~]# ls boost_1_59_0 boost_1_59_0.tar.gz mysql-5.7.30 mysql-5.7.30.tar.gz [root@lnmp-01 ~]# cd mysql-5.7.30 # 选择相应的编译参数【官方站点:cmake选项参数】 [root@lnmp-01 mysql-5.7.30]# cmake --help [root@lnmp-01 mysql-5.7.30]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/data/apps/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/apps/mysql/data_db -DSYSCONFDIR==/etc -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8mb4 -DWITH_SYSTEMD=bool -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=bool -DWITH_BOOST=/root/boost_1_59_0 -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all ======= 等待几分钟完成编译,末尾正常输出以下内容========= ...... -- INSTALL mysqlclient.pc lib/pkgconfig -- Skipping deb packaging on unsupported platform . -- CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE: RelWithDebInfo -- COMPILE_DEFINITIONS: _GNU_SOURCE;_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64;HAVE_CONFIG_H -- CMAKE_C_FLAGS: -Wall -Wextra -Wformat-security -Wvla -Wwrite-strings -Wdeclaration-after-statement -- CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS: -Wall -Wextra -Wformat-security -Wvla -Woverloaded-virtual -Wno-unused-parameter -- CMAKE_C_LINK_FLAGS: -- CMAKE_CXX_LINK_FLAGS: -- CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO: -O3 -g -fabi-version=2 -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing -DDBUG_OFF -- CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO: -O3 -g -fabi-version=2 -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing -DDBUG_OFF -- Configuring done -- Generating done -- Build files have been written to: /root/mysql-5.7.30 参数说明: -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:mysql安装目录 -DMYSQL_DATADIR:数据存放目录 -DEFAULT_CHARSET:数据库默认字符编码 -DWITH_SYSTEMD:提供systemd脚本 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE:允许从本文件导入数据 -DWITH_BOOST: boost源码路径 -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS:支持额外字符集 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # 若cmake出错了,需根据下面操作,然后再重新编译安装。 [root@wencheng mysql-5.7.30]# find / -iname CMakeCache.txt [root@wencheng mysql-5.7.30]# make clean [root@wencheng mysql-5.7.30]# rm -f CMakeCache.txt ---------------------------------------------------------------------- [root@lnmp-01 mysql-5.7.30]# make -j 4 && make install # make -j 4 表示开4核同时进行编译: cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "processor"| wc -l [root@lnmp-01 ~]# /data/apps/mysql/bin/mysql -V /data/apps/mysql/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.30, for Linux (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper # 添加环境变量 [root@lnmp-01 ~]# echo "PATH=/data/apps/mysql/bin:$PATH" >> /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh [root@lnmp-01 ~]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh # 创建mysql用户和目录并设置权限 [root@lnmp-01 ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql [root@lnmp-01 ~]# mkdir -p /data/apps/mysql/{data_db,logs,tmp} [root@lnmp-01 ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/apps/mysql/{data_db,logs,tmp} # 创建配置文件my.cnf [root@lnmp-01 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [client] port = 3306 default-character-set = utf8mb4 socket = /data/apps/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock [mysql] port = 3306 default-character-set = utf8mb4 socket = /data/apps/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock [mysqld] port = 3306 server-id = 1 user = mysql basedir = /data/apps/mysql datadir = /data/apps/mysql/data_db character_set_server = utf8mb4 collation-server = utf8mb4_general_ci socket = /data/apps/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock log-error = /data/apps/mysql/logs/mysql-error.log pid-file = /data/apps/mysql/tmp/mysqld.pid # 执行初始化 [root@lnmp-01 ~]# /data/apps/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --basedir=/data/apps/mysql --datadir=/data/apps/mysql/data_db --user=mysql #(5.7以上版本) --------- 正常输出以下信息 ----------- 2021-06-22T11:38:05.991267Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2021-06-22T11:38:06.327772Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790 2021-06-22T11:38:06.367358Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2021-06-22T11:38:06.424912Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 4fc67845-d34e-11eb-9ce0-000c29ceb2c0. 2021-06-22T11:38:06.426105Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened. 2021-06-22T11:38:06.590676Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed. 2021-06-22T11:38:06.643809Z 1 [Warning] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option. # 添加systemd管理 [root@lnmp-01 ~]# cp /data/apps/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/ [root@lnmp-01 ~]# grep -Ev '^$|#' /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service [Unit] Description=MySQL Server Documentation=man:mysqld(8) Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html After=network.target After=syslog.target [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [Service] User=mysql Group=mysql Type=forking PIDFile=/data/apps/mysql/tmp/mysqld.pid # 自定义项 TimeoutSec=0 PermissionsStartOnly=true ExecStartPre=/data/apps/mysql/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd ExecStart=/data/apps/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/data/apps/mysql/tmp/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS # 自定义项 EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/mysql LimitNOFILE = 5000 Restart=on-failure RestartPreventExitStatus=1 PrivateTmp=false # 启动mysql [root@lnmp-01 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload [root@lnmp-01 ~]# systemctl start|stop|restart|reload mysqld [root@lnmp-01 ~]# netstat -nutpl | grep mysql tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 30472/mysqld [root@lnmp-01 ~]# ps -ef |grep mysql mysql 30472 1 0 12:33 ? 00:00:00 /data/apps/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/data/apps/mysql/tmp/mysqld.pid # 登录mysql [root@lnmp-01 ~]# mysql -uroot Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.7.30 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) # 设置开机自启动 [root@lnmp-01 ~]# systemctl enable mysqld [root@lnmp-01 ~]# systemctl list-unit-files | grep mysql mysqld.service enabled
(4) PHP-7.4.14
【官方下载站点:源码包】【官方站点:comfigure选项参数】
# 查看是否已安装php,有则卸载 [root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum list installed | grep php # 安装mysql编译所需依赖 [root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum install -y epel-release [root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum install -y bzip2 bzip2-devel libmcrypt-devel openssl-devel libxml2-devel sqlite-devel libcurl-devel libpng-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel oniguruma oniguruma-devel # 下载指定版本 [root@lnmp-01 ~]# wget https://www.php.net/distributions/php-7.4.14.tar.gz [root@lnmp-01 ~]# tar -xf php-7.4.14.tar.gz [root@lnmp-01 ~]# cd php-7.4.14 # 选择相应的编译参数【官方站点:cmake选项参数】 [root@lnmp-01 php-7.4.14]# ./configure --help [root@lnmp-01 php-7.4.14]# ./configure --prefix=/data/apps/php --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-fpm-user=www --with-fpm-group=www --enable-fpm --with-openssl --enable-mbstring --enable-sockets --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --with-zlib --with-mcrypt --with-bz2 --with-mhash ======= 等待几分钟完成编译,末尾正常输出以下内容========= +--------------------------------------------------------------------+ | License: | | This software is subject to the PHP License, available in this | | distribution in the file LICENSE. By continuing this installation | | process, you are bound by the terms of this license agreement. | | If you do not agree with the terms of this license, you must abort | | the installation process at this point. | +--------------------------------------------------------------------+ Thank you for using PHP. 参数说明: --prefix:安装目录 --with-config-file-path:配置文件位置 --with-fpm-user:进程管理器进程守护者 --with-fpm-group:进程管理器进程守护者的用户组 --enable-fpm:进程管理器 ...... -------------------------------------------------- # 若configure出错了,需清除原编译,然后再重新编译安装。 [root@lnmp-01 php-7.4.14]# make clean -------------------------------------------------- [root@lnmp-01 php-7.4.14]# make -j 4 && make install # make -j 4 表示开4核同时进行编译: cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "processor"| wc -l [root@lnmp-01 ~]# /data/apps/php/bin/php -v PHP 7.4.14 (cli) (built: Sep 8 2021 09:41:51) ( NTS ) Copyright (c) The PHP Group Zend Engine v3.4.0, Copyright (c) Zend Technologi # 添加环境变量 [root@lnmp-01 ~]# echo "PATH=/data/apps/php/bin:$PATH" >> /etc/profile.d/php.sh [root@lnmp-01 ~]# echo "PATH=/data/apps/php/sbin:$PATH" >> /etc/profile.d/php.sh [root@lnmp-01 ~]# source /etc/profile.d/php.sh ----------------------------------------------------------------- # 或可创建软连接 [root@lnmp-01 ~]# ln -s /data/apps/php/bin/php /usr/local/bin/php [root@lnmp-01 ~]# ln -s /data/apps/php/sbin/php-fpm /usr/local/bin/php-fpm # 创建php用户并设置目录权限 [root@lnmp-01 ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin www [root@lnmp-01 ~]# chown -R www:www /data/apps/php # 生成php服务脚本 [root@lnmp-01 ~]# cp ~/php-7.4.14/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpmd [root@lnmp-01 ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpmd # 设置php-fpm配置文件 [root@lnmp-01 ~]# cp /data/apps/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /data/apps/php/etc/php-fpm.conf [root@lnmp-01 ~]# cp /data/apps/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /data/apps/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf # 测试php配置文件语法是否正确 [root@lnmp-01 ~]# php-fpm -t [08-Sep-2021 10:45:52] NOTICE: configuration file /data/apps/php/etc/php-fpm.conf test is successful # 启动php [root@lnmp-01 ~]# /etc/init.d/php-fpmd start|stop|force-quit|restart|reload|status|configtest [root@lnmp-01 ~]# netstat -nuptl | grep php tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 63705/php-fpm: mast [root@lnmp-01 ~]# ps -ef | grep php root 63705 1 0 10:49 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: master process (/data/apps/php/etc/php-fpm.conf) www 63706 63705 0 10:49 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www www 63707 63705 0 10:49 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www # 添加systemd管理 [root@lnmp-01 ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service [Unit] Description=The PHP FastCGI Process Manager After=syslog.target network.target [Service] Type=simple PIDFile=/data/apps/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid # 自定义项 ExecStart=/data/apps/php/sbin/php-fpm --nodaemonize --fpm-config /data/apps/php/etc/php-fpm.conf # 自定义项 ExecReload=/bin/kill -USR2 $MAINPID [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target # 设置开机自启动 [root@lnmp-01 ~]# systemctl enable php-fpm [root@lnmp-01 ~]# systemctl list-unit-files | grep php php-fpm.service enable
至此,手动编译部署LNMP环境(CentOS7.5+Nginx-1.18.0+MySQL-5.7.30+PHP-7.4.14)已完成。
附:YUM安装php【下载rpm包】
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum install epel-release [root@lnmp-01 ~]# rpm -ivh http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm # 查看php所有版本 [root@lnmp-01 ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/*php* /etc/yum.repos.d/remi-php54.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/remi-php72.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/remi-php80.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/remi-php70.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/remi-php73.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/remi-php81.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/remi-php71.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/remi-php74.repo # 选择适合的版本,这里选择php74 [root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum --enablerepo=remi install -y php74-php [root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum --enablerepo=remi install php74-php php74-php-gd php74-php-xml php74-php-sockets php74-php-session php74-php-snmp php74-php-mysql [root@lnmp-01 ~]# php74 -v PHP 7.4.23 (cli) (built: Aug 24 2021 16:33:30) ( NTS ) Copyright (c) The PHP Group Zend Engine v3.4.0, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
本文摘自 :https://www.cnblogs.com/