1胸神经后支posteriorbranchofthoracicn.2胸腰筋膜thoracolumbarfascia3臀上皮神经superiorclunialnerves4斜方肌trapeziusmuscle5背阔肌latissimusdorsi6臀中肌gluteusmedius7臀大肌gluteusmaximus[临床解剖学要点]斜方肌起于上项线、枕外隆凸、项韧带和全部胸椎棘突...[继续阅读]

    1多裂肌multifidusmuscle2胸最长肌longissimusthoracis3棘肌spinalismuscle4下后锯肌inferiorserratusposteriormuscle5髂肋肌iliocostalismuscle6腹外斜肌obliquusexternusabdominis7臀大肌gluteusmaximus8冈下肌infraspinatusmuscle9小圆肌teresminormuscle10大圆肌teresmajormuscle11前锯...[继续阅读]

    (1)水平切面1下腔静脉inferiorvenacava2第1腰椎体firstlumbarvertebrabody3右肾rightkidney4腹主动脉abdominalaorta5腰大肌psoasmajor6腰方肌quadratuslumborum7竖脊肌erectorspinaem.(2)CT图像1下腔静脉inferiorvenacava2第1腰椎体firstlumbarbody3腰大肌psoasmajor4竖棘肌erec...[继续阅读]

    1背阔肌(翻转)latissimusdorsi2腰上三角superiorlumbartriangle3腹外斜肌obliquusexternusabdominis4腹内斜肌obliquusinternusabdominis5髂嵴iliaccrest6第12肋12thrib7竖脊肌erectorspinae8腹横肌腱膜transversusabdominisaponeurosis9腰方肌quadratuslumborum10腰下三角inferiorlumba...[继续阅读]

    1腹外斜肌obliquusexternusabdominis2肋下神经subcostaln.3髂腹下神经iliohypogastricn.4髂腹股沟神经ilioinguinaln.5腹直肌鞘前层anteriorlayerofsheathofrectusabdominis6脐umbilicus7腹外斜肌腱膜aponeurosisofobliquusexternusabdominis...[继续阅读]

    1上腹部横切口2下腹部斜切口3腹股沟切口4上腹部正中切口5下腹部弧形切口[临床解剖学要点]常用的切口有:①正中切口,适用于双侧肾、肾上腺手术,切开皮肤、浅筋膜、白线、腹横筋膜、腹膜外筋膜和壁腹膜。②上腹部横切口,适用于...[继续阅读]

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    1腹腔内入路intraabdominalapproach2腹膜外入路extraperitonealapproach3改良腰背部直切口入路modifiedverticaincisionsapproachindorsolumbarregion4腰背部直切口入路verticaincisionsapproachindorsolumbarregion[临床解剖学要点]常用的腰部切口有:①第12肋下切口,切开皮...[继续阅读]

    1肠系膜上神经节superiormesentericganglion2肋下神经subcostalnerve3髂腹下神经iliohypogastricn.4髂腹股沟神经ilioinguinaln.5生殖股神经genitofemoraln.6腰大肌psoasmajor7股外侧皮神经lateralfemoralcutaneousn.8股神经femoralnerve9闭孔神经obturatorn.10腹腔神经节ce...[继续阅读]

    1交感干sympathetictrunk2交通支communicatingbranch3内脏大神经greatersplanchnicn.4肝丛hepaticplexus5腹腔丛celiacplexus6肠系膜上丛superiormesentericplexus7腹主动脉丛abdominalaorticplexus8小肠smallintestine9腹主动脉abdominalaorta10腰大肌psoasmajor11髂总动脉commonili...[继续阅读]