Confucianism is the philosophy of social organization, and so is also the philosophy of daily life. Confucianism emphasizes the social responsibilities of man, while Taoism emphasizes what is natural and spontaneous in him. In the Chuang-tzu, it is said t...[继续阅读]

    The Confucianists took art as an instrument for moral education. The Taoists had no formal treatises on art, but their admiration of the free movement of the spirit and their idealization of nature gave profound inspiration to the great artists of China. ...[继续阅读]

    In Chinese philosophy, the farmers outlook not only conditioned its content, such as that reversal is the movement of the Tao, but, what is more important, it also conditioned its methodology. Professor Northrop has said that there are two major types of ...[继续阅读]

    The Greeks lived in a maritime country and maintained their prosperity through commerce. They were primarily merchants. And what merchants have to deal with first are the abstract numbers used in their commercial accounts, and only then with concrete thin...[继续阅读]

    The advancement of science has conquered geography, and China is no longer isolated “within the four seas.” She is having her industrialization too, and though much later than the Western world, it is better late than never. It is not correct to say that ...[继续阅读]

    Later historians have attempted to make a classification of these “hundred schools.” The first to do so was Ssu-ma Tan (died 110 B. C.), father of Ssu-ma Chien(145-ca. 86 B. C.), and the author with him of Chinas first great dynastic history, the Shih Chi...[继续阅读]

    The second historian who attempted to classify the “hundred schools” was Liu Hsin (ca. 46 B. C. -A. D. 23). He was one of the greatest scholars of his day, and, with his father Liu Hsiang, made a collation of the books in the Imperial Library. The resulti...[继续阅读]

    Yet though the details of Liu Hsins theory may be wrong, his attempt to trace the origin of the schools to certain political and social circumstances certainly represents a right point of view. I have quoted him at length because his description of the va...[继续阅读]

    In the last chapter Ⅰ said that the rise of the philosophic schools began with the practice of private teaching. So far as modern scholarship can determine, Confucius was the first person in Chinese history thus to teach large numbers of students in a pri...[继续阅读]

    Confucius, however, was more than a ju in the common sense of the word. It is true that in the Analects we find him, from one point of view, being portrayed merely as an educator. He wanted his disciples to be “rounded men” who would be useful to state an...[继续阅读]