Gaschromatographyisaseparationtechniquewherebyavaporizedsampleiscarriedbyaflowingstreamof(usually)inertgasthroughatubewhichiseitherfilledwithfineparticlesoriswall-coatedwithalow-volatilityliquid.Thetubeistermedthecolumn.Ifthecolumnisfilledwithdryparticles...[继续阅读]

    Highperformanceliquidchromatography(HPLC)isthefastestgrowinganalyticaltechniquefortheanalysisofdrugs.Itssimplicity,highspecificity,andwiderangeofsensitivitymakeitidealfortheanalysisofmanydrugsinbothdosageformsandbiologicalfluids.Togainanappreciationforthe...[继续阅读]

    Theemissionoflightbymoleculeswhichareexcitedbytheabsorptionofvisibleorultravioletradiationisthebasisofluminescence(fluorescenceandphosphorescence)spectroscopy.Duetoitsrelativelylowcostandhighanalyticalsensitivitythistechniqueiswidelyemployedinthequantitat...[继续阅读]

    Thebasicexperimentaloperationintitrimetricanalysisiscalledatitration.Inatitration,asolutionofonereactantofaccuratelyknownconcentration(thetitrant,orstandardsolution)isaddedtoasecondthesolutionofsamplewhoseamountorconcentrationistobedetermined.Titrantisadd...[继续阅读]

    Physicalandinstrumentalmethodsareanalyticalmethodsbaseduponmeasurementsofphysicalpropertiesandmeasurementswithinstruments.Separationofthepropertiesofmatterintophysicalandchemicalpropertiesisarbitrarybutoftenconvenient.Aphysicalpropertycanbedefinedasaquali...[继续阅读]

    Nearlyallthesamplespresentedtothepharmaceuticalanalystaremixtures,sometimesverycomplexones.Thedeterminationoftheamountofeachisolatedcomponentisusuallyasimplematter.Theanalysisofthesesamecomponentsineachother’spresencemay,however,bedifficultorevenimpossibl...[继续阅读]

    Overthelastdecade,themostsignificantdevelopmentsinliquidchromatography,specificallyinHPLC,havebeenintheareasofinstrumentationandequipment,advancesinstationaryphasechemistryandtheirdesign,improvementsincolumndesignanddimensions,useofdifferentadditivesinmob...[继续阅读]

    IntroductionInthischapterthetopicisthetechniquesforpreparingpharmaceuticalsamplesforanalysis.Samplepreparationofpharmaceuticalproductsaswellasbiologicalsamplesisdiscussed.Thescopeofthischapterincludesonlysamplepreparationforchromatographicanalysisinwhicht...[继续阅读]

    Massspectrometry(MS)hasbecomeoneofthemostimportantanalyticaltoolsemployedintheanalysisofpharmaceuticals.Thiscanmostlikelybeattributedtotheavailabilityofnewinstrumentationandionizationtechniquesthatcanbeusedtohelpsolvedifficultbioanalyticalproblemsassociat...[继续阅读]

    IntroductionTheabsorptionofelectromagneticradiationofwavelengthsbetween200and800nmbymoleculeswhichhaveπelectronsoratomspossessingunsharedelectronpairscanbeemployedforbothqualitativeandquantitativeanalysis;assuch,itisknownasspectrophotometry.Asawidevariety...[继续阅读]