ThetermchemometricswasintroducedbySvanteWoldandBruceR.Kowalskiintheearly1970s.Termslikebiometricsandeconometricswerealsointroducedintothefieldsofbiologicalscienceandeconomics.Afterward,theInternationalChemometricsSocietywasestablished.Sincethen,chemometri...[继续阅读]

    Earlyadvancesinmedicinalchemistrywereconcernedprincipallywiththeestimation,isolation,structuraldetermination,andsynthesisofmedicinalagentsofnaturalorigin.Asecondmajorareawasthesynthesisofsimplifiedfragmentsofcomplexdrugmolecules.Inthisphaseofitsdevelopmen...[继续阅读]

    “Themostfruitfulbasisforthediscoveryofanewdrugistostartwithanolddrug.”SirJamesBlack,Winnerofthe1988NobelPrizeinPhysiologyandMedicineIntroduction:StrategiesintheSearchforNewLeadCompoundsAretrospectiveanalysisofthewaysleadingtodiscoveryofnewdrugssuggeststha...[继续阅读]

    α-Eucaineα-优卡因α-ProdineAnadolα-安那度尔β-Eucaineβ-优卡因β-ProdineAnadolβ-安那度尔β-AdrenergicAgonistsβ-受体激动剂γ-Ketophenylbutazoneγ-酮保泰松11-Dehydrocorticosterone11-脱氢皮质酮17α-Hydroxy-11-Deoxycorticosterone17α-羟基-11-脱氧皮质酮5-Fluoronicot...[继续阅读]

    Pharmacologyisconcernedwithallfacetsoftheinteractionofchemicalswithbiologicalsystems.Whensuchinteractionsareappliedtothecureorameliorationofdisease,thechemicalsareusuallycalleddrugs.Mostdrugsproduceeffectsbycombiningwithbiologicalreceptors.Thechemicalbond...[继续阅读]

    Thelargeinter-patientvariabilityinresponsestodrugsresultsfromtwomainsources:1.Pharmacokineticsvariabilityinabsorption,distribution,metabolismorelimination2.Pharmacodynamicsvariabilityinsensitivityatorbeyondreceptors,duetoacquireddifferences(e.g.age,obesit...[继续阅读]

    Theprimarytherapeuticobjectsshouldbetopreventandtocurediseases.Ifthesegoalsarenotachievable,thesecondarytherapeuticobjectsshouldbetomitigateandtomollifybydrugstheprogressive,devastating,ordisablingnatureofdiseases.Theamountofdrugordrugstobegivenandthedura...[继续阅读]

    Anorallyadministereddrugwillgraduallybegintobecomeabsorbed.Astheamountofdruginthebodyincreaseby50percent,theamountofthedrugattheabsorptionsiteshoulddecreasebythesameamount.Theabsorbedwillgraduallybecomemetabolizedorexcretedmostlybythekidneys.Inadditiontot...[继续阅读]

    Thereareseveralpossiblemechanismsbywhichtheoraladministrationofadrugmayresultinaninadequateplasmaconcentrationofthedrugoritsactivemetabolite(s).AdrugsuchaspenicillinGorerythromycinmaybedestroyedbyacidhydrolysis.Drugcompoundssuchastetracyclinesmayforminsol...[继续阅读]

    Aabsorption吸收,吸收作用abstinencesyndrome戒断症状acetaminophen醋氨酚action作用acutereaction急性反应addiction成瘾性adrenergicdrugs拟肾上腺素药adrenoceptor肾上腺受体adrenoceptorblockingdrug肾上腺素受体阻断药adrenocorticalhormone肾上腺皮质激素adrenocorti...[继续阅读]