4.2 GIS based hydrological models

    Hydrologicalmodels,whichareintegratedwithGISsoftwaresocalledaGIS-basedmodelingsystem,providinguserswithusefulinterfaces,canbecategorizedintothreeclassesdependingontheGIStool:①distributedhydrologicalmodelsystemsbasedoncommercialGISsoftware,②open-sourceGISs......查看详细>>

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4.3 Functionality of a GIS based hydrological model

    Well-developedGISsystemsprovidesstrongspatialandattributedataanalysisandcalculationfunctions,e.g.rivernetworkcodingespeciallyusingPfafstettermethod(Pfafstetter,1989);automaticoperationsonsub-basindelineation;efficientinterpolationofrainfallandmeteorologic......查看详细>>

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4.4 Structure of a hydrological modeling system

    Thestructureofhydrologicalmodelingtoolmainlyconsistsoffourstructuralparts:①generalGISsoftwareforhydrologicalanalysis;②pre-processingmodule;③computationalmodule;④post-processingmodule.Ahydrologicalmodelingsystemcontainsmanyfunctionsinvolvingalotofalgorithm......查看详细>>

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4.5 Pre-processing

    Pre-processingmoduleisthemostcomplicatedpartinthehydrologicalmodelingprocess(Figure4-3),including:①thegeneralhydrologicalanalysissub-modulebasedonDEM,containingcalculationsofflowdirection,flowaccumulation,flowlength,slopeanddigitalrivernetworksextractione......查看详细>>

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4.6 Parameter calculation

    Onekeycharacteristicandadvantageofdistributedhydrologicalmodelsisthatparametershavephysicalmeaningsandcanbecalculateddirectlyfromunderlyingdata.Parametersofmainriversandtributariesinsidethesub-basinarecalculatedaccordingtoDEM,flowlength,rivernetworkcodesa......查看详细>>

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4.7 Meteorological data interpolation

    Itisnecessarytoobtainmeteorologicaldatafromeachsub-basinbyspatiallyinterpolatingmeteorologicaldatacollectedfromgauges.Figure4-7showsthecalculationflowchartforthespatialinterpolationofmeteorologicaldata.Meteorologicaldatainterpolationalgorithms,includingTh......查看详细>>

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4.8 Real-time computation

    Real-timecomputationmeanstracinganddisplayingthecalculationresultssimultaneouslyinthecalculationprocess,anditincludessimulatedandobservedflowprocessesandspatialdisplayofwatercirculationunitsatsomespecificunits.Thedevelopmentofreal-timecomputationmodulesal......查看详细>>

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4.9 Post-processing

    Post-processingincludesLH-OATglobalsensitivityanalysis,singleormulti-objectiveparametercalibration,spatialdisplayandstatisticalanalysisofmodelresults.Thedevelopmentofautomaticparameterestimationmodulesallowstheusertoavoidthetediousmanualmodelcalibration,a......查看详细>>

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5.1 Study area

    HanjiangRiverisoneofthelargesttributaryofYangtzeRiver(latitude:30°10′N-34°20′N,longitude:106°15′E-114°20′E).PassingthroughtheprovincesofShanxi,Sichuan,He’nanandHubei,HanjiangRivermergesintoYangtzeRiveratWuhancity.ThelengthofHanjiangRiverexceeds1570kmandup......查看详细>>

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5.2 Land cover and soil

    Whencarryingoutdistributedwaterresourcesassessment,underlyingspatialdataneedstobecollectedincludinglandcoverandsoil.Itisworthmentioningthatthelandcoverofdifferentperiodswillresultindifferencesamongrunoffparameters,especiallyforlongtermsimulation.Therefore......查看详细>>

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